Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable disorder of the central nervous system. MS is thought to be an autoimmune disease in which an important component of nerve tissue known as myelin is destroyed by cells of the immune system. The result of this nerve damage is a breakdown in the communication between the brain and other parts of the body. The consequences of MS can range from benign to somewhat disabling to devastating.

The first symptom of MS is usually blurred or double vision, which occurs between the ages of 20 and 40. Most MS patients also experience muscle weakness in their arms and legs that results in problems with coordination and balance. Problems with coordination and balance can range from difficulty walking or standing to complete paralysis. Most people with MS experience numbness and tingling in the extremities. Speech impediments, tremors, and dizziness are other common complaints. About half of all people with MS have difficulty with concentration, attention, memory, and judgment. MS patients often suffer from depression.

There is no cure for MS and many patients do well with no therapy at all. Three forms of beta interferon are approved by the FDA to treat relapsing-remitting MS. Beta interferon reduces the number, duration, and severity of exacerbations of the disease. Beta interferon may also slow the progression of physical disability. A synthetic form of myelin protein called copolymer I is also approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting MS. Copolymer I has few reported side effects and can reduce the relapse rate by about a third. The immunosuppressant mitoxantrone is approved for the treatment of advanced MS. Steroids are used to reduce the duration and severity of attacks, although they do not affect the course of MS over time. Muscle spasms that come and go are treated with muscle relaxants and tranquilizers. Physical therapy and exercise can help maintain muscle function. Mobility aids such as braces, canes and walkers can help maintain mobility and independence. Patients should avoid excessive activity and heat to help counter fatigue. Antidepressants and counseling are used to treat depression.

Multiple sclerosis is a disease with a history of spontaneous remission. The vast majority of patients are mildly affected, but in the worst cases MS may leave a person unable to write, speak or walk. While medication treatments have improved over the years, there is no cure for MS. There are a number of research projects underway aimed at reducing disability, curtailing attacks, and improving function.

Reference: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/multiple_sclerosis/multiple_sclerosis.htm.

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