Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation and diarrhea. IBS causes discomfort and distress but it is not associated with permanent harm to the intestines nor more serious disease such as cancer. It is one of the most common medical conditions diagnosed, with as many as 20% of adult Americans reporting symptoms of IBS. It occurs in women more often than men. About half of the cases begin before the age of 35.

No specific cause has been identified. It is thought that people with IBS do have a large intestine that is more sensitive and reactive to certain foods and stress. Recent research has identified a possible link with the neurotransmitter serotonin with IBS. About 95% of serotonin receptors are found in the GI tract. It appears that people with IBS have abnormal serotonin receptor activity which causes increased levels of serotonin in the large intestine. Serotonin levels may be contributing to the increased sensitivity of the intestine. Research is also looking at the role that bacterial intestinal infection may play in IBS.

There is no specific test for IBS. Diagnosis is made from symptoms and physical examination. Symptoms include pain at least 12 weeks out of the past 12 months, abdominal pain that is relieved by a bowel movement, changes in bowel movements associated with the onset of abdominal pain, uncontrollable urgency to have a bowel movement, and mucous in the stool. IBS symptoms are often made worse by caffeine, alcohol, medications, certain foods, and stress or emotional upsets.

Up to 70% of people with IBS do not seek medical treatment for their symptoms. Fiber supplements can help regulate bowel movements. Antispasmodic medications are prescribed to relieve cramping and pain. Stress increases the symptoms of IBS. Stress management is an important part of treatment of IBS. Regular exercise, relaxation techniques, yoga, counseling, change in lifestyle, and adequate sleep are helpful stress management techniques. The immune system seems to be involved in causing symptoms of IBS. Probiotic supplementation may help maintain a healthy colon and reduce symptoms. Enteric coated peppermint oil tablets are also used to reduce symptoms of IBS.

Irritable bowel syndrome is a common intestinal disorder in the U.S. characterized by abdominal pain and discomfort. Symptoms are associated with increased stress and emotions. The immune system appears to play a role in the syndrome. Relaxation techniques and probiotic supplementation are safe, natural therapies that may help reduce symptoms.

Reference: http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/ibs/.

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